|
Victor Brauner (, also spelled Viktor Brauner; 15 June 1903 – 12 March 1966) was a Romanian Jewish sculptor and painter of surrealistic images. ==Early life== He was born in Piatra Neamț, Romania, the son of a timber manufacturer who subsequently settled in Vienna with his family for a few years. It is there that young Victor attended elementary school. When his family returned to Romania in 1914, he continued his studies at the Evangelical school in Brăila. His interests revolved around zoology during that period. He attended the National School of Fine Arts in Bucharest (1916–1918)〔(Guggenheim, Collection online )〕 and Horia Igiroşanu〔IMDb: (''Horia Igiroşanu'' )〕 private school of painting. He visited Fălticeni and Balcic, and started painting landscapes in the manner of Paul Cézanne. Then, as he testified himself, he went through all the stages: "Dadaist, Abstractionist, Expressionist". On 26 September 1924, the Mozart Galleries in Bucharest hosted his first personal exhibition. In that period he met poet Ilarie Voronca, together with whom he founded the ''75HP'' magazine.〔 It was in this magazine that Brauner published the manifesto ''The Pictopoetry'' and the article ''The Surrationalism''. He painted and exhibited ''Christ at the Cabaret'' (in the manner of George Grosz) and ''The Girl in the Factory'' (in the manner of Hodler). He participated to the ''Contimporanul'' exhibition in November 1924. In 1925, he undertook his first journey to Paris, from where he returned in 1927. In the period 1928–1931 he was a contributor of the ''unu'' magazine (an avant-garde periodical with Dadaist and Surrealist tendencies), which published reproductions of most of his paintings and graphic works: "clear drawings and portraits made by Victor Brauner to his friends, poets and writers" (Jaques Lessaigne – ''Painters I Knew''). In 1930, he settled in Paris, where he met Constantin Brâncuși, who instructed him in methods of art photography. In that same period he became a friend of the Romanian poet Benjamin Fondane and met Yves Tanguy, who would later introduce him to the circle of the Surrealists.〔 He lived on Moulin Vert Street, in the same building as Alberto Giacometti and Tanguy. He painted ''Self-portrait with enucleated eye'', a premonitory theme. In 1934 André Breton wrote an introduction to the catalogue for Brauner’s first Parisian solo exhibition at the Pierre Gallery.〔 The theme of the eye was omnipresent: ''Mr. K's power of concentration'' and ''The strange case of Mr. K'' are paintings that Breton compared with Alfred Jarry’s play ''Ubu Roi'', "a huge, caricature-like satire of the bourgeoisie". In 1935, Brauner returned to Bucharest. He joined the ranks of the Romanian Communist Party for a short while, without a very firm conviction. On 7 April 1935, he opened a new personal exhibition at the Mozart Galleries. Saşa Pană wrote about it in his autobiographical novel ''Born in 02'': The catalogue shows 16 paintings; they are accompanied by verse, surrealist images that are exquisite by their bizarreness – they are perhaps the creations of automatic dictation and they certainly bear no connection to the painting itself. They are written in French, but their colorful taste is kept in their Romanian language translation. The exhibition brought about many interesting articles and takings of position regarding Surrealism in arts and literature. Another remark about Brauner’s participation to Surrealist exhibitions: "Despite its appearance of abstract formula,… this trend is a point a transition to the art that is to come." (Dolfi Trost, in ''Rampa'' of 14 April 1935). In ''Cuvântul liber'' of 20 April 1935, Miron Radu Paraschivescu wrote in the article ''Victor Brauner’s exhibition'': "In contrast to what one may see, for instance, in the neighboring exhibition halls, Victor Brauner’s painting means integration, an attitude that is a social one, as far as art allows it. For V. Brauner takes attitude through the very character and ideology of his art". On 27 April, he created the illustrations for Gellu Naum’s poetry collections – ''The Incendiary Traveler'' and ''The Freedom to Sleep on the Forehead''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Victor Brauner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|